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  • The Old Faithful geyser erupts in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Runoff_Yellows...jpg
  • A few stars are visible in the sky as Old Faithful erupts at dawn in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Dawn_Yellowsto...jpg
  • A long exposure captures the motion of the spray erupting from the Old Faithful at dawn in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Dawn_Yellowsto...jpg
  • Stars are visible in the sky as Old Faithful erupts at dusk in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Dusk_Yellowsto...jpg
  • Stars are visible in the sky as Old Faithful erupts at dusk in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Dusk_Yellowsto...jpg
  • The spray from the erupting Old Faithful geyser takes on a slight red hue at the first light of day in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Dawn_Yellowsto...jpg
  • One of the many steam eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the fall of 2004 sends a towering column of water vapor high into the air. The mountain is reflected in Silver Lake.
    StHelensEruption.jpg
  • A raven flies past the Old Faithful geyser as it erupts in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. When Old Faithful erupts, it can launch as much as 8,400 gallons (32,000 liters) of boiling water as high as 185 feet (56 meters), although the average eruption height is 145 feet (44 meters). The time between eruptions is growing longer on average, possibly because earthquakes have affected underground water levels. The current interval is either 65 or 91 minutes depending on attributes of the prior eruption.
    Old-Faithful_Eruption_Raven_Yellowst...jpg
  • Suspended sulphur is responsible for the bright green color of the Devil's Bath, an eruption crater lake located in the Wai-O-Tapu Thermal Wonderland near Rotorua, New Zealand.
    NZ_DevilsBath_0284.jpg
  • Towering hummocks - piles of debris from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens - are found along the Hummocks Trail at the Mount St. Helens National Monument in Washington.
    StHelens_Hummocks_6317.jpg
  • Thick fog seems to originate from the volcanic cone of Wizard Island, located in Crater Lake, Oregon. Crater Lake, the deepest fresh water lake in North America, is located in a caldera at the top of what was once Mount Mazama. A massive eruption around 5,700 B.C. caused the mountain to collapse. While the Wizard Island cone is long dormant, there is some hydrothermal activity at the bottom of Crater Lake, suggesting the mountain is still active.
    CraterLakeFog.jpg
  • Old Faithful, the most famous geyser in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, erupts, sending a cloud of steam into the air that somewhat mimics the clouds in the sky. The geyser's eruptions are not as predictable as the name Old Faithful might suggest. Eruptions can occur as little as 45 minutes apart or with a gap as long as 125 minutes. The geyser's height also varies; at times the column of water can reach 184 feet (56 meters) high.
    Yellowstone_Old-Faithful_Erupting_31...jpg
  • Old Faithful, the most famous geyser in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, erupts, sending a cloud of steam into the air that somewhat mimics the clouds in the sky. The geyser's eruptions are not as predictable as the name Old Faithful might suggest. Eruptions can occur as little as 45 minutes apart or with a gap as long as 125 minutes. The geyser's height also varies; at times the column of water can reach 184 feet (56 meters) high.
    Yellowstone_Old-Faithful_Erupting_30...jpg
  • A long exposure blurs the water erupting from Strokkur, an active geyser in southern Iceland. Strokkur erupts every four to eight minutes, sending water as high as 40 meters (131 feet). Strokkur is the Icelandic word for churning; just before the geyser erupts, a ball of water full of bubbles repeatedly surges and subsides.
    Iceland_Strokkur_LongExposure_1980.jpg
  • The Icelandic geyser Strokkur begins to erupt. Strokkur means "churning." Its water level repeatedly swells and contracts before erupting, which it does every four to eight minutes. The geyser, which first erupted in 1789, reaches a height of as much as 100 feet (30 meters).
    Iceland_Strokkur_Bubble_7714.jpg
  • Strokkur, a geyser in southern Iceland, shoots water 20 meters (70 feet) up into the air. Strokkur is an Icelandic word for "churning." The geyser bubbles and churns just before erupting, which it does every five to 10 minutes. It is located next to Geysir, the "original" geyer, which no longer erupts regularly.
    Strokkur.jpg
  • Strokkur, a geyser located in Iceland, blasts hot water up to 100 feet (30 meters) every four to eight minutes. The geyser, located in a geothermal region in Iceland's Golden Circle, first erupted in 1789. Strokkur is an Icelandic word meaning "churn" and the geyer's water level repeatedly surges and contracts just before it erupts.
    Iceland_Strokkur_Erupting_7747.jpg
  • Pahoehoe.jpg
  • Molten pahoehoe lava flows at the end of a lava tube in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Pahoehoe is the hottest – and most liquid – form of basaltic lava. This ropy pahoehoe results with the thin crust partially solidifies. Lava continues to flow behind it, pushing and folding it, not unlike an accordion.
    HI_Volcanoes_Pahoehoe_8679.jpg
  • NoParkingLavaV.jpg
  • NoParkingLavaH.jpg
  • Molten lava flows from an opening at the end of a lava tube from the Pu'u O'o Kila vent in Volcanoes National Park on Hawaii.
    LavaFlow-8663.jpg
  • The full moon sets behind Mount St. Helens, which is framed by a dramatic fog falls and blooming summer wildflowers, including foxglove and Indian paintbrush.
    MountStHelensFogMoon.jpg
  • The Icelandic geyser Strokkur erupts as the sun rises in an area known as the Golden Circle in Iceland. Strokkur, which means "churn" in Icelandic, erupts every four to eight minutes, sending a column of hot water as much as 40 meters (130 feet) into the air. Strokkur is located in the Haukadalur geothermal area, not far from Geysir, which no longer erupts regularly.
    Iceland_Strokkur_Sunrise_3492.jpg
  • A long exposure captures plumes rising from eruptions of both Old Faithful (right) and Grand Geyser (left) at dawn in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Yellowstone is home to the world's largest concentration of active geysers, with more than 400 geysers in its Upper Geyser Basin alone.
    Yellowstone_Upper-Geyser-Basin_Old-F...jpg
  • Mount St. Helens glows bright white in the alpenglow after sunset. The Toutle River winds through the blast zone created during the May 18, 1980 eruption. That eruption reduced the Washington mountain's summit from9,677 feet (2,950 m) to 8,365 feet (2,550 m).
    MountStHelens_Alpenglow_6841.jpg
  • Rock cairns mark the site of an ancient Icelandic farm destroyed in the first recorded eruption of the volcano Katla. The large farm, known as Laufskálar, was destroyed in the 894 eruption. A lava mound was named Laufskálar Cairn after the farm. Travelers passing through the Mýrdalssandur area of Iceland for the first time are supposed to add a stone to the cairn to bring them good luck on their journey.
    Iceland_Laufskálavarða_7312.jpg
  • Moss begins to overtake the rocky landscape within the blast zone at Mount St. Helens National Monument, Washington. This image was captured nearly 30 years after the violent May 18, 1980 eruption. The first wildflowers began to appear in this spot about 20 years after the eruption.
    MountStHelens_lichen_6801.jpg
  • The horseshoe-shaped crater of Mount St. Helens is visible in this aerial view of the Washington state volcano. During the May 18, 1980 eruption, the north face of the volcano collapsed. Since then, new lava domes have formed in the crater and are visible here. Mount St. Helens now stands ‎8,363 feet (2,549 meters), losing about 13 percent of its summit in the 1980 eruption. It is the most active volcano in the Cascade Range during the Holocene epoch (past 10,000 years).
    MountStHelens_Crater_Aerial-View_Alp...jpg
  • The Carbon River cascades over volcanic rocks left by Mount Rainier's most recent eruption. A dramatic sunset makes Mother Mountain, also located in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, appear as if it is erupting.
    RainierNP_Carbon-River_Mother-Mounta...jpg
  • Steam rises from the water-filled Inferno Crater, located in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley near Rotorua, New Zealand. The terrace is part of a hydrothermal system in 1886 by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera. Waimangu means 'black water' in Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. The area was given that name because its largest geyser erupted water that was filled with mud and rocks.
    NZ_Waimangu_InfernoCrater_8972.jpg
  • Water boils out of a small spring on the Birds Nest Terrace in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley near Rotorua, New Zealand. The terrace is part of a hydrothermal system in 1886 by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera. Waimangu means 'black water' in Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. The area was given that name because its largest geyser erupted water that was filled with mud and rocks.
    NZ_Waimangu_BirdsNestTerrace_9002.jpg
  • A couple of trees grow between two large splatter cones resulting from the eruption of the north crater in Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho.
    CratersOfTheMoon_Splatter-Cones_Silh...jpg
  • Fresh snow coats the summits of the peaks at Landmannalaugar, located in the highlands of Iceland. Landmannalaugar, part of the Fjallabak Nature Reserve, sits at the edge of the Laugahraun lava field, which was formed in an eruption around the year 1477.
    Iceland_Landmannalaugar_2640.jpg
  • The Ape Cave makes a sharp bend in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters), making it the third-longest lava tube in North America. It formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Bend_5094.jpg
  • The ceiling of the Ape Cave, a lava tube in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state, somewhat mimics the shape of the passage below. The Ape Cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters), making it the third-longest lava tube in North America. It formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Ceiling_5110.jpg
  • The Lundadrangur Rock Arch towers high above the Atlantic Ocean at Dyrhólaey, Iceland. The Dyrhólaey Cliffs, which stand 120 meters (394 feet), were formed during an underwater volcanic eruption during the last ice age.
    Iceland_DyroholaeyArch_1820.jpg
  • A lava rock known as the "meatball" hangs over the floor of the Ape Cave in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave is a lava tube, formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens 2,000 years ago. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust. The meatball once hung from the ceiling of the cave, but broke off while lava was still flowing through the tube. It traveled with the flow until it became wedged in a narrow passage.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Meatball_5116.jpg
  • Three prominent Washington state volcanoes are visible over the Cascade foothills in this aerial view taken from over North Bend, Washington. In the center, Mount Rainier, with an elevation of 14,411 feet (4,392 meters), is the tallest mountain in Washington and the highest volcano in the Cascade Range. At left, Mount Adams, at 12276 ft. (3742 m), is the second-tallest mountain in the state. At right is Mount St. Helens, a 8,365 feet (2,550 m) volcano that lost nearly 15 percent of its height in a 1980 eruption. The body of water in the lower-right is the Howard A. Hanson reservoir, used for flood control and to provide drinking water to Tacoma.
    Rainier_Adams_St-Helens_Aerial_1417.jpg
  • The Three Sisters, a cluster of three volcanic peaks in central Oregon, are bathed in alpenglow as the full moon sets into the Belt of Venus just before sunrise in this aerial view. The three peaks are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon. Of the three, the South Sister, visible on the left, is the tallest with an elevation of 10,385 feet (3,157 meters) and is also known as Charity. The Middle Sister, also known as Hope, is the shortest with an elevation of 10,047 feet (3,062 meters). The North Sister, also known as Faith, is slightly taller at 10,085 feet (3,074 meters). The Three Sisters are unusual in that the volcanic peaks are in a dense cluster; volcanoes in the Cascade Range are typically spaced out with 40 to 60 miles (60 to 100 kilometers) of distance between them. Of the three peaks, only the South Sister is likely to become active again. The last eruption was 50 B.C. The Three Sisters are part of the Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon's second-largest wilderness area.
    Three-Sisters_Full-Moon_Aerial_8811.jpg
  • Steam rises from Inferno Crater, located in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley on the North Island of New Zealand. The hot spring and other geothermal features resulted from the volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera on June 10, 1886. The area was named for the Waimangu geyser, which was active from 1901 to 1904.
    NZ_Waimangu_InfernoCrater_8980.jpg
  • Several lava rocks hang over the floor of the Ape Cave in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave is a lava tube, formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens 2,000 years ago. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust. The rocks once hung from the ceiling of the cave, but broke off while lava was still flowing through the tube. They traveled with the flow until they became wedged in a narrow passage.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Lava-Rocks_5114.jpg
  • The Ape Cave gently curves in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters), making it the third-longest lava tube in North America. It formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Passage_5087.jpg
  • The ceiling of the Ape Cave, a lava tube in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state, somewhat mimics the shape of the passage below. The Ape Cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters), making it the third-longest lava tube in North America. It formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Ceiling_5111.jpg
  • A narrow passage of the Ape Cave gently curves in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters), making it the third-longest lava tube in North America. It formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Narrow-Curve_5091.jpg
  • A hint of golden sunrise color shines through the dark storm clouds hovering over Wizard Island and Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Crater Lake, the deepest fresh water lake in North America, is located in a caldera at the top of what was once Mount Mazama. A massive eruption around 5,700 B.C. caused the mountain to collapse. While the Wizard Island cone is long dormant, there is some hydrothermal activity at the bottom of Crater Lake, suggesting the mountain is still active.
    CraterLake_Stormy-Sunrise_6604.jpg
  • The rising sun clears the eastern caldera rim of Crater Lake, Oregon. Wizard Island, a dormant volcanic cone formed after the cataclysmic eruption of the ancient Mount Mazama, is visible in the foreground. Crater Lake, protected as a national park, is the deepest freshwater lake in North America.
    CraterLake_Sunrise_9990.jpg
  • Hot Stream flows past the steaming hillside of the Cathedral Rocks in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley near Rotorua, New Zealand. Waimangu is a hydrothermal system created by the 1886 volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera. Waimangu means 'black water' in Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand, a name given to the area because water in its largest geyser often contains mud and rocks.
    NZ_Waimangu_CathedralRocks_HotStream...jpg
  • The northern lights, or aurora borealis, shine over and are reflect in Lake Mývatn  in northern Iceland. The lake, formed during a lava eruption 2,300 years ago, contains numerous lava pillars and rootless vents, called pseudocraters. Mývatn is Icelandic for "midge lake," and denotes the tremendous number of midge flies found in the area. The aurora borealis, frequently visible during the winter months in Iceland, is caused by charged particles from the sun crashing into the Earth's atmosphere.
    Iceland_Myvatn_NorthernLights_2983.jpg
  • The sunset colors the clouds above Bláfjall, a 1222 meter (4009 foot) table volcano in northern Iceland. Bláfjall formed as a result of an eruption under a thick sheet of ice during the last ice age. Lava forced and melted its way up through the ice and formed a strong shield of lava on the mountain's summit. That strong layer resists erosion, giving the mountain its rectangular shape.
    Iceland_Blafjall_3928.jpg
  • Thousands of icicles, including some that stretch from floor to ceiling, form in the Guler Ice Cave near Mount Adams, Washington. The cave is a partially collapsed lava tube formed during an eruption of Mount Adams during the past 20,000 years. One end of the cave is lower than the other and scientists think that traps cold air, which keeps the cave icy even during the summer. The Guler Ice Cave is located near the community of Trout Lake.
    GulerIceCave_8450.jpg
  • Water that drips into the Ape Cave collects into a stream as it flows through North America’s third-largest lava tube, located in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust. The cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters) and the rock is porous, allowing rainwater to seep in.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Stream_5105.jpg
  • These tall, narrow pillars known as The Pinnacles were formed during the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Mazama, which formed Crater Lake, Oregon. Volcanic gasses rose through layers of dacite pumice and andesite scoria in vents known as fumaroles. With temperatures of 750 degrees Fahrenheit (400 Celsius), the hot gasses welded the sides of the fumaroles. After erosion carried away the rest of the pumice and scoria, these hardened fossil fumaroles were all that remained.
    CraterLake_Pinnacles_9858.jpg
  • Colorful algal and bacterial mats grow along a steaming creek that runs through the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley on the North Island of New Zealand. The valley's geothermal features resulted from the volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera on June 10, 1886. The area was named for the Waimangu geyser, which was active from 1901 to 1904.
    NZ_Waimangu_BacterialMats_9008.jpg
  • The rising sun clears the eastern caldera rim of Crater Lake, Oregon. Wizard Island, a dormant volcanic cone formed after the cataclysmic eruption of the ancient Mount Mazama, is visible near the center of the image. Crater Lake, protected as a national park, is the deepest freshwater lake in North America.
    CraterLakeSunrise.jpg
  • Water that drips into the Ape Cave collects into a stream as it flows through North America’s third-largest lava tube, located in the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. The Ape Cave formed during an eruption of Mount St. Helens approximately 2,000 years ago. An 8-mile-long (13-kilometer-long) lava flow poured down the southern flank of the volcano. Lava cools from the outside-in, so the flow became like a straw, allowing lava to continue to flow through a hardened crust. The cave is 13,042 feet long (3,975 meters) and the rock is porous, allowing rainwater to seep in.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Stream_5104.jpg
  • Steam rises from a volcanic cone at Landmannalaugar, located in the highlands of Iceland. Landmannalaugar, part of the Fjallabak Nature Reserve, sits at the edge of the Laugahraun lava field, which was formed in an eruption around the year 1477.
    Iceland_Landmannalaugar_SteamingCone...jpg
  • Two hikers stand near the summit of a steaming volcanic cone at Landmannalaugar, located in the highlands of Iceland. Landmannalaugar, part of the Fjallabak Nature Reserve, sits at the edge of the Laugahraun lava field, which was formed in an eruption around the year 1477.
    Iceland_Landmannalaugar_Hikers_Steam...jpg
  • Thousands of icicles, including some that stretch from floor to ceiling, form in the Guler Ice Cave near Mount Adams, Washington. The cave is a partially collapsed lava tube formed during an eruption of Mount Adams during the past 20,000 years. One end of the cave is lower than the other and scientists think that traps cold air, which keeps the cave icy even during the summer. The Guler Ice Cave is located near the community of Trout Lake.
    GulerIceCave_8406.jpg
  • Steam fog seems to erupt from a small pool on an island within Sparks Lake in the Deschutes National Forest near Bend, Oregon. The island is covered with yellow spear-leaf arnica (Arnica longifolia) flowers in mid-summer. Broken Top Mountain rises in the back left of the image. Broken Top, which stands 9,177 feet (2,797 meters) tall, is a stratovolcano that last erupted about 100,000 years ago and has since been eroded by glaciers.
    OR_Sparks-Lake_Broken-Top_Wildflower...jpg
  • This aerial view of Oregon's Mount Hood illustrates how rapidly it rises from sea level to 11,249 feet (3,429 m). Hood is Oregon's tallest mountain. The USGS considers it a "potentially active" volcano, with as much as 7 percent chance it will erupt within the next 30 years.
    MountHood_Aerial.jpg
  • A meteor from the Perseid meteor shower streaks along the Milky Way, which appears to erupt from Mount Baker in Washington state. The Perseids are an annual meteor shower that occurs in August when Earth passes through the debris of Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. The meteors are comet debris burning up in the Earth's atmosphere. Mount Baker, which stands 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is an active volcano with the second-most thermally active crater in the Cascade Range.
    Baker_Milky-Way_Perseid-Meteor_0796.jpg
  • Fiery cirrus clouds appear to erupt from the top of a Douglas fir tree in Snohomish County, Washington, at sunset.
    CirrusClouds_FierySunset_Lynnwood_18...jpg
  • Paulina Creek drops 80 feet (24 meters) at Paulina Falls, located in the Newberry National Volcanic Monument in Deschutes County, Oregon. Paulina Falls is located on the west flank of the Newberry Volcano, a potentially active volcano that last erupted nearly 1,500 years ago. The waterfall flows over and erodes remnants of previous eruptions; over a period of 2,000 years, geologists believe the waterfall has moved 200 feet (61 meters) upstream due to erosion.
    OR_PaulinaFalls_Newberry_9870.jpg
  • Thousands of stars and the planet Venus shine over Crater Lake in Oregon just before sunrise. The planet Venus is the brightest object in the sky and is visible near the center of the image and reflected in the lake. Crater Lake, which is actually a caldera, formed when Mount Mazama erupted violently about 7,700 years ago, causing its summit to collapse. Subsequent eruptions sealed the caldera, trapping rain water and snowmelt, forming the lake, which has a maximum depth of 1,949 feet (594 meters). Wizard Island, a volcanic cinder code, is visible in the foreground.
    CraterLake_Stars_Dawn_9769.jpg
  • A natural nighttime pillar of light known as the Zodiacal Light shines above and is reflected in Crater Lake, Oregon. The Zodiacal Light results from the sun shining on dust particles left behind by comets. The dust particles - the largest of which are believed to be just 0.3 mm and miles from its nearest neighboring particle - orbit the sun in a range from Mars to beyond Jupiter. Visible year-round in the tropics, the Zodiacal Light is best viewed immediately around the spring and fall solstice farther from the equator. The planet Venus, the brightest object in the sky, is visible near the peak of the Zodiacal Light and is also reflected in Crater Lake. The Milky Way, visible on the right, intersects with the Zodiacal Light at the top-center of the image. Crater Lake, which is actually a caldera, formed when Mount Mazama erupted violently about 7,700 years ago, causing its summit to collapse. Subsequent eruptions sealed the caldera, trapping rain water and snowmelt, forming the lake, which has a maximum depth of 1,949 feet (594 meters). Wizard Island, a volcanic cinder code, is visible in the foreground.
    CraterLake_ZodiacalLight_9620.jpg
  • A natural nighttime pillar of light known as the Zodiacal Light shines above and is reflected in Crater Lake, Oregon. The Zodiacal Light results from the sun shining on dust particles from old comets. The dust particles - the largest of which are believed to be just 0.3 mm and miles from its nearest neighboring particle - orbit the sun in a range from Mars to beyond Jupiter. Visible year-round in the tropics, the Zodiacal Light is best viewed immediately around the spring and fall solstice farther from the equator. The planet Venus, the brightest object in the sky, is visible near the peak of the Zodiacal Light and is also reflected in Crater Lake. The Milky Way, visible on the right, intersects with the Zodiacal Light at the top-center of the image. Crater Lake, which is actually a caldera, formed when Mount Mazama erupted violently about 7,700 years ago, causing its summit to collapse. Subsequent eruptions sealed the caldera, trapping rain water and snowmelt, forming the lake, which has a maximum depth of 1,949 feet (594 meters). Wizard Island, a volcanic cinder code, is visible in the foreground.
    CraterLake_ZodiacalLight_9909.jpg
  • Several seabirds fly over the Atlantic Ocean as the last light of day illuminates Snæfellsjökull, a glacier-covered stratovolcano in western Iceland. Located on the Snæfellsnes peninsula, Snæfellsjökull is 1,446 meters (4,744 feet) tall. Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite volcanoes, are typically cone-shaped and made up of many layers from many volcanic eruptions. Snæfellsjökull is approximately 700,000 years old and is estimated to have last erupted in 200 A.D. Snæfellsjökull is an Icelandic word meaning "snowy mountain glacier."
    Iceland_Snaefellsjokull_Birds_3325.jpg
  • The sun sets behind the rim of Crater Lake in this view from the Cloud Cap Overlook in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Crater Lake, which is actually a caldera, formed when Mount Mazama erupted violently about 7,700 years ago, causing its summit to collapse. Subsequent eruptions sealed the caldera, trapping rain water and snowmelt, forming the lake, which has a maximum depth of 1,949 feet (594 meters). Wizard Island, a volcanic cinder cone, is visible in the lake just beneath the sun; Phantom Ship, another remnant of volcanic activity, is visible as an island on the left side of the image.
    CraterLake_CloudCap_Sunset_9744.jpg
  • Steam rises from Blue Star Spring, a hot spring of near-boiling water in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Blue Star Spring rarely erupts, but has occasionally had 1- to 2-foot-tall eruptions, most notably in 1925, 1926, 1997 and 2002.
    Yellowstone_Blue-Star-Spring_3064.jpg
  • A bright rainbow stretches across the rugged eastern slope of the dormant Haleakalā volcano on the island of Maui, Hawai`i. Haleakalā, the eastern of the two volcanoes on Maui, last erupted sometime between 1480 and 1600 AD. On average, Haleakala National Park receives about 50 inches (1263 millimeters) of rain per year.
    Maui_Haleakala_Rainbow_6967.jpg
  • A double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) flies over a river in Stanwood, Washington with Mount Baker as a backdrop. Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington state. It last erupted in 1880.
    Cormorant-Double-Crested_Mount-Baker...jpg
  • A large kiawe (Prosopis pallida) tree frames of the southwestern coast of the Hawaiian island of Maui near the town of Makena. The first kiawe tree was introduced to Hawaii in 1828 and is now one of the most common trees in the dry lowlands of the Hawaiian islands. The prominent hill visible just to the right of the center of this image if Pu`u Ola`i, a 320-foot (98-meter) cinder cone formed when molten lava erupted from a volcanic vent and fell back to earth forming a nearly perfect cone. Pu`u Ola`i is also known as Earthquake Hill, Red Hill, and Round Mountain.
    Maui_Makena_Kiawe_PuuOlai_6384.jpg
  • The full moon sets behind Mount Baker as the light of sunrise turns the peak of the volcano's cone red. Located in the North Cascades, Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington. It last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Full-Moon_Sunrise_1379.jpg
  • The full moon is low in the sky over Mount Baker in the North Cascades of Washington state. Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington and last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Full-Moon_Artist-Point_1...jpg
  • The full moon and two snags frame Mount Baker at dawn in the North Cascades of Washington state. Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third tallest volcano in Washington and last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Moon_Snags_Artist-Point_...jpg
  • The Icelandic mountain Thrihnukagigur last erupted more than 4,000 years ago. Shown here is the inside of the volcano's magma chamber, the space inside the mountain which housed molten rock from deep inside the earth. Thrihnukagigur means Three Peaks Crater. The cone leading to one of the peaks is shown near the top center.
    Iceland_MagmaChamber_Thrihnukagigur_...jpg
  • A very large and bright rainbow seems to land on the summit of Badito Cone, a 8942 foot (2726 meter) peak in Huerfano County, Colorado. Badito Cone is one of several peaks that were formed by jets of magma that erupted from holes or cracks in the rock of that area about 25 million years ago.
    CO_Rainbow_BaditoCone_2282.jpg
  • Lassen Peak, a 10,462 foot (3,189 meter) volcano in northern California, is reflected in Manzanita Lake at Sunset. Lassen Peak is the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and last erupted from 1914-1917.
    LassenPeak_ManzanitaLake_3472.jpg
  • Lassen Peak, a 10,462 foot (3,189 meter) volcano in northern California, is reflected in the partially frozen Lake Helen. Lassen Peak is the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and last erupted from 1914-1917.
    LassenPeak_LakeHelen_Frozen_4081.jpg
  • A boiling mudpot erupts at Sulphur Works in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Water from melting snow seeps into the ground above this mudpot, soaks through the soil and works down through cracks and fissures in the rock. Eventually, it touches hot rock and gasses in what used to be the main vent of Brokeoff Volcano, becomes superheated and returns to the surface as hot water or steam.
    Lassen_SulphurWorks_BoilingMudpot_58...jpg
  • The last light of day illuminates Snæfellsjökull, a 1,446 meter (4,744 foot) stratovolcano located in western Iceland. The volcano, which is active, last erupted approximately 1,800 years ago, creating lava fields at its base. The mountain is technically named Snæfell; Snæfellsjökull is the name of the glacier at its peak. It is commonly called Snæfellsjökull, however, to avoid confusing it with several other mountains with the same name. Snæfellsjökull means "snow glacier mountain," and it was featured in the 1864 novel "A Journey to the Center of the Earth" by Jules Verne.
    Iceland_SnaefellPano_9643-5.jpg
  • The summit of Hekla, one of the most active volcanoes in Iceland, is obscured by storm clouds just before sunset. The volcano, located in south Iceland, has a height of 1,491 meters (4,892 feet), and has erupted at least 20 times since the year 874. Hekla is the Icelandic word for a short hooded cloak, a nod to the fact that the mountain is frequently shrouded by clouds.
    Iceland_Hekla_Storm-Clouds_2689.jpg
  • Volcanic rocks from one of Mount Rainier's eruptions line the sides of the Carbon River the northwestern corner of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.
    RainierNP_Volcanic-Rocks_Carbon-Rive...jpg
  • The full moon sets behind Mount Baker as the light of sunrise turns the peak of the volcano's cone red. Located in the North Cascades, Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington. It last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Full-Moon_Sunrise_Close_...jpg
  • A lenticular cloud somewhat traces the shape of Mount Baker as it forms over the volcano in Washington's North Cascades at dusk. Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington state and last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Lenticular_Dusk_0800.jpg
  • A large kiawe (Prosopis pallida) tree frames of the southwestern coast of the Hawaiian island of Maui near the town of Makena. The first kiawe tree was introduced to Hawaii in 1828 and is now one of the most common trees in the dry lowlands of the Hawaiian islands. The prominent hill visible just to the right of the center of this image if Pu`u Ola`i, a 320-foot (98-meter) cinder cone formed when molten lava erupted from a volcanic vent and fell back to earth forming a nearly perfect cone. Pu`u Ola`i is also known as Earthquake Hill, Red Hill, and Round Mountain.
    Maui_Makena_Kiawe_PuuOlai_6412.jpg
  • The Icelandic mountain Thrihnukagigur last erupted more than 4,000 years ago. Shown here is the inside of the volcano's magma chamber, the space inside the mountain which housed molten rock from deep inside the earth. Thrihnukagigur means Three Peaks Crater.
    Iceland_MagmaChamber_Thrihnukagigur_...jpg
  • Lassen Peak, a 10,462 foot (3,189 meter) volcano in northern California, is reflected in the calm waters of Summit Lake at sunrise. Lassen Peak is the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and last erupted from 1914-1917.
    LassenPeak_SummitLake_Sunrise_3525.jpg
  • Lassen Peak, a 10,462 foot (3,189 meter) volcano, is reflected in the Paradise Meadow in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Lassen Peak is the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and last erupted between 1914 and 1917. Numerous common monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus) are in bloom in the meadow.
    LassenPeak_ParadiseMeadow_4124.jpg
  • Snæfellsjökull, a 1,446 meter (4,744 foot) stratovolcano, is framed by a natural arch in a lava field in western Iceland. The volcano, which is active, last erupted approximately 1,800 years ago, creating lava fields at its base. The mountain is technically named Snæfell; Snæfellsjökull is the name of the glacier at its peak. It is commonly called Snæfellsjökull, however, to avoid confusing it with several other mountains with the same name. Snæfellsjökull means "snow glacier mountain," and it was featured in the 1864 novel "A Journey to the Center of the Earth" by Jules Verne..
    Iceland_Snaefell_Arch_9606.jpg
  • Lush rainforest vegetation rises into the mist on the slope of Mount Bisoke in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Mount Bisoke, also known as Visoke, is an active volcano that last erupted in 1957. It is part of the Virunga Mountains of the Albertine Rift and straddles the border of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, although the summit, which features a crater lake, is in Rwanda.
    Rwanda_Bisoke_Rainforest_8611.jpg
  • The rising sun turns golden a lenticular cloud resting on the summit of Mount Muhabura on the border of Rwanda and Uganda. Mount Muhabura is also known as Mount Muhavura and is an inactive volcano, last erupting within the past 11,000 years. With a summit at 4,127 meters (13,540 feet), it's the third-highest peak in the Virunga Mountains. The mountain is spread across Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Uganda, and is home to populations of mountain gorillas.
    Rwanda_Mount-Muhabura_Lenticular-Clo...jpg
  • Two hardened tubes are visible in the Ape Cave, a lava tube located near Mount St. Helens in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in Washington state. The ape cave formed about 2,000 years ago during the only known period when fluid basaltic lava erupted from the volcano. The outside edges of the lava flow cooled first, providing a crust that allowed fluid lava to continue flowing inside. This period of activity may have lasted a year during which the lava level rose and fell, leading to the unique shapes inside the cave. The Ape Cave lava tube is 13,042 feet (3976 meters) long, ranking as the third-longest in North America. The cave is named for a local hiking club, the St. Helens Apes.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Two-Tubes_5130.jpg
  • Mount Baker casts a shadow on a layer of haze in this aerial view over the North Cascades of Washington state. Mount Baker, at 10,781 feet (3,286 meters), is the third largest volcano in Washington and last erupted in 1880.
    Mount-Baker_Aerial_Shadow_2877.jpg
  • Rain falls down the cone of the extinct Icelandic volcano Thrihnukagigur, draining into its former magma chamber. Thrihnukagigur last erupted more than 4,000 years ago and its name means Three Peaks Crater.
    Iceland_Volcanic-Cone_Thrihnukagigur...jpg
  • Two hardened tubes are visible in the Ape Cave, a lava tube located near Mount St. Helens in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest in Washington state. The ape cave formed about 2,000 years ago during the only known period when fluid basaltic lava erupted from the volcano. The outside edges of the lava flow cooled first, providing a crust that allowed fluid lava to continue flowing inside. This period of activity may have lasted a year during which the lava level rose and fell, leading to the unique shapes inside the cave. The Ape Cave lava tube is 13,042 feet (3976 meters) long, ranking as the third-longest in North America. The cave is named for a local hiking club, the St. Helens Apes.
    WA_Ape-Cave_Two-Tubes_1065.jpg
  • A large flock of snow geese (Chen caerulescens) erupts from a field of daffodils in La Conner, Washington.
    Snow-Geese_Daffodils_La-Conner_7768.jpg
  • Taranaki, also known as Mount Egmont, is reflected in the waters of Lake Mangamahoe near New Plymouth, New Zealand at sunrise. Red and pink clouds, colored by the warm light of sunrise, arc over the mountain and lake. The 8,261-foot (2,518-meter) mountain is still considered an active volcano; it last erupted in 1854.
    NZ_Taranaki_Lake-Mangamahoe_Sunrise_...jpg
  • Glacier Peak, a 10,541-foot (3,213-meter) volcano in Washington state, rises above a layer of clouds that obscures lower peaks in the Cascade Range. Glacier Peak, also known as Takobia, is one of Washington's most active volcanoes, erupting five times over the past 3,000 years. It also ranks as the state's fourth-tallest mountain.
    Glacier-Peak_Aerial_Cloudy_3164.jpg
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