The Painted Hills in John Day National Monument, Oregon are comprised of several layers of ash and pumice deposits from the Cascades and area volcanoes. The deposits were laid down approximately 33 million years ago. Eventually the layers were thrust upward and tilted by movement of the Earth's plates. The red comes from rusty iron minerals; golden layers are rich with oxidized magnesium and iron, metamorphic claystone; the black comes from manganese.
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